Protecting Your Ideas When Selling Online The difference between copyrights, trademarks and patents and what they mean to your product or service
Q: I design my own line of handmade jewelry and sell at flea markets. I want to start selling online, but I'm a little concerned about someone stealing my designs. Can you tell me the difference between a copyright and a patent? Should I get an attorney's help?
A: A wise man once said, "The biggest difference between a copyright and a patent is the number of lawyers it takes to do the paperwork." There is a point to be made there, mainly that if this wise man had paid his attorney to copyright that tidbit of wisdom, I probably would have had to pay him five bucks to use the quote.
Copyrights, trademarks and patents are similar in that they are designed by law to protect your rights of ownership, but that's where the similarity ends. A copyright protects a creative work (like your jewelry designs), a trademark protects a brand or company identity (like your logo) and a patent protects an invention or process (perhaps some innovative way of crafting the jewelry).
A copyright protects the rights of anyone who creates an "original work of authorship." A copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce the work; prepare spin-off works based on the copyrighted work; and sell, perform and/or display the copyrighted work in public. Copyright protection is afforded to eight categories of creative works: literary works (the written word), musical works (lyrics, music, melodies), dramatic works (plays, scripts, screenplays), artistic works (pictorial and sculptural), sound recordings (LPs, CDs, audio tapes), choreographic works (dance, pantomime), audiovisual works and architectural works (blueprints, designs, renderings).
An original work is automatically copyrighted the moment it is put into a fixed format, such as a paper copy or recording. In other words, once you put your jewelry designs on paper, your copyright is automatically secured. From that moment on your work has copyright protection for your lifetime, plus 50 years after your death.
Registering a work with the U.S. Copyright Office is not required, but since it is relatively simple and inexpensive to do so, I advise that you register a copyright for each work you wish to protect. Also, your copyright must be registered in order to take legal action against someone who might infringe on the copyright in the future.
You can register a copyright without the assistance of an attorney. Simply visit the U.S. Copyright Office website and download the appropriate form. Complete the form and send it in with a nonrefundable filing fee. This must be done for each individual work you wish to protect.
A patent is a form of protection granted to an inventor that protects his invention in the United States for up to 20 years from the date of application. Patent law states that "whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or any new and useful improvements thereof may obtain a patent." Owning a patent gives you the legal right to stop someone else from making, using or selling your invention (or one that's very close to it) without your permission. However, proving that someone is infringing on your patent is often difficult and usually requires a trial to settle the dispute.
Since the first U.S. patent was awarded in 1790, more than 5 million patents have been awarded. The Patent Office receives more than 230,000 patent applications every year, and I can tell you from personal experience that a turtle on Prozac moves faster than the patent process. Patents can take several years, truckloads of paperwork and considerable legal fees to obtain. The cost of obtaining a patent can run from $500 for a simple design patent to $50,000 and more for a complex utility patent. However, if your company has a truly patentable idea, you would be wise to invest the time and money required to secure your rights. A good patent can be a valuable business asset.
While you can file a patent yourself, I strongly advise that you consult an attorney, since a naively written patent application often isn't worth the paper it's printed on. Just recently, my attorney did a patent search for me--only to discover that a patent for a similar product was already in place. However, due to the ineffectual language of the patent application, the patent was practically impossible for the owner to enforce.
Good news for me. Not so good news for the wise man who wrote his own patent.
Tim W. Knox is the founder, president and CEO of four successful technology companies: B2Secure Inc., a Web-based hiring management software company; Digital Graphiti Inc., a software development company; and Sidebar Systems, a company that creates cutting edge convergence software for broadcast media outlets; and Online Profits 4U, an e-business dedicated to helping online entrepreneurs start and prosper from an online, wholesale or drop-ship business.
The opinions expressed in this column are those of the author, not of Entrepreneur.com. All answers are intended to be general in nature, without regard to specific geographical areas or circumstances, and should only be relied upon after consulting an appropriate expert, such as an attorney or accountant.
